Biofertilizers are natural substances that contain beneficial microorganisms, which help improve soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth. These microbes work by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilising phosphorus, and increasing the availability of essential nutrients in the soil. Biofertilizers also enhance root development, improve soil structure, and support long-term soil health.

They reduce the dependence on chemical fertilisers, making farming more eco-friendly and sustainable. Common types include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphate-solubilising bacteria, and mycorrhiza. Overall, biofertilizers play an important role in sustainable agriculture by improving crop yield naturally without harming the environment.