Top 10 Black Gram Producing States in India

Black gram, also known as urad, is the pulse that goes into your morning idli and dosa batter, crispy vadas and a good bowl of dal makhani. India is the world’s largest producer of black gram, accounting for over 70 per cent of global production. The country produced about 21.60 lakh tonnes of urad in 2025-26 with an average yield of about 681 kg per hectare. 

What Is Black Gram?

Black gram (Vigna mungo) is a short-duration pulse crop that's rich in protein and fibre. It's eaten as whole urad, split with skin, or white split dal without skin. It also helps the soil by fixing nitrogen, which is one reason farmers like fitting it into their crop cycle.

Top 10 Black Gram Producing States in India 

• Madhya Pradesh: The top producer, helped by large kharif acreage and suitable soils.
• Uttar Pradesh: Just behind Madhya Pradesh, with urad grown in kharif and summer.
• Andhra Pradesh: A major producer in the South, with districts like Nandyal leading production.
• Maharashtra: Mainly kharif crop grown on rain-fed land. Marathwada districts are leading producers.
• Rajasthan: Urad is mainly cultivated in the kharif season to make the best use of monsoon rains.
• Tamil Nadu: Urad is a regular producer, often grown as a rice fallow crop in the delta.
• Karnataka: Grown in northern and central parts, mostly in kharif.
• Telangana: Strong rabi production, with districts like Wanaparthy and Nagarkurnool among the larger growers.
• Odisha: Urad is popular here as a rice-fallow and rabi crop in many districts.
• Jharkhand: A smaller but growing producer, using urad on uplands where paddy isn't suitable.

Which Season Is Black Gram Grown in India? 

Urad is grown in three seasons. Kharif is the main one, with sowing from late June to early July as the monsoon arrives. Rabi sowing happens in October for uplands and in November for rice-fallow fields. A summer (spring) crop is also grown with irrigation in several states. The crop matures quickly, usually ready to harvest 60 to 75 days after sowing.

What Factors Affect Black Gram Production in India? 

• Rainfall: Urad requires well-distributed rain. Growth can be stunted by too little, and yields are hurt by heavy rains during pod-filling.
• Pests and disease: The main threat is yellow mosaic virus transmitted by whitefly, as well as powdery mildew and pod borers.
• Farm practices: Timely sowing, correct spacing and balanced use of fertiliser affect the final harvest.
• Seed quality: Improved varieties such as Pant Urad and Azad Urad can make a real difference.
• Soil: Likes well-drained loam. Yields are reduced by waterlogged, saline or very alkaline soils.
• Prices and MSP: Good market returns encourage the farmers to grow more.
• Temperature: The crop is best grown between 25ºC and 35ºC.

Why Trust Tractor Gyan?

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